Free to read
Guides
Longer pieces that take one subject all the way through, with the arithmetic worked in full. Where a guide shows a traverse or a curve, the numbers were generated by the same calculators this site publishes — so you can reproduce every table on the page.
- How to pass the Fundamentals of Surveying examA realistic eight-week study plan for the FS exam: what to master first, how to drill computation under time pressure, and what the final week should look like.
- COGO basics every survey tech needsCoordinates, azimuths, inverse and forward, latitudes and departures, closure, area and intersections, with worked numbers and the sign conventions.
- US survey foot vs international footTwo feet differ by exactly two parts per million. Where they came from, why State Plane feet are usually survey feet, and how to tell which one a dataset uses.
- Traverse closure explainedAngular closure, latitudes and departures, misclosure and the 1:X ratio, compass rule against transit rule — worked end to end on one five-sided traverse.